Dijkstra, H (Hylke)

Transforming and Defending Multilateralism: European Union Support for more Robust, Effective and Democratic Global Governance (ENSURED) (Horizon) (2023-2026)

The European Union (EU) and its members have long been key supporters of global governance. Yet the rules-based international order and multilateralism are widely believed to be in crisis. The emerging powers and populist forces have contested and put demands on global governance often resulting in a gridlock of international cooperation. The Russian war in Ukraine has further undermind the ability to address global problems. ENSURED, a project with 14 partners from the EU, US and the BRICS, studies how the EU and its members, in a contested world in transition, can transform and defend global governance to make it more robust, effective and democratic.  

Understanding and Strengthening EU Foreign and Security Policy in a Complex and Contested World (JOINT) (H2020) (2021-2024)

Challenges to EU foreign and security policy have been mounting in recent years. Systemic shifts such as the dwindling global engagement of the United States and the growing assertiveness of Russia and China hamper the ability of the EU and its member states to shape multilateral rules and compel them to rethink their role along new patterns of multipolar interactions. The collapse or severe weakening of state authority and governance in the EU’s neighbourhood and beyond create interconnected challenges extending into policy areas outside the traditional remit of foreign and security policy. Meanwhile, the emergence of nationalist forces often espousing Eurosceptic views complicates efforts to reach intra-EU consensus on international security matters.

Against this backdrop, JOINT, an interdisciplinary research project, combining research with public opinion analysis, innovative policymaker engagement and proactive public outreach, addresses the question: How to make EU foreign and security policy governance structures more joined-up and sustainable in a rapidly changing and contested international environment? 

Website: https://www.jointproject.eu

Who gets to live forever? Toward an Institutional Theory on the Decline and Death of International Organisations (ERC) (2019-2023)

Many international organisations (IOs) are under significant pressure. The World Health Organization was heavily criticized over its handling of the Ebola outbreak. The United States has not contributed to the UNESCO budget since 2011 and plans to quit in 2018. The United Kingdom is negotiating its exit from the  EU and Burundi left the International Criminal Court. The ultimate way for states to show their discontent is to disband IOs: no less than a third of the IOs, created between 1905 and 2005, has formally ceased to exist. While academics have analysed how IOs are designed and develop, we know virtually nothing about decline and death. This project addresses therefore the question why do IOs decline or die?

Website: http://www.nestior.eu

Preventing and Responding to Conflict: Developing EU Civilian Capabilities for a Sustainable Peace (EU-CIVCAP) (H2020) (2015-2018)

The European Union (EU) regularly sends policemen, rule of law experts, and monitors on civilian missions to other countries in order to prevent and respond to conflict. Among the 20+ civilian missions are recent deployments to Congo, Kosovo, Georgia and Ukraine. This research project analyses the capabilities which these policemen, rule of law experts and monitors need to properly carry out their functions. These capabilities range from armoured vehicles, to training and communcation systems. In addition to carrying out research, the project also has a strong dissemination component to help EU officials in improving civilian capabilities.

This large-scale project, funded under Horizon 2020 Secure Societies, is coordinated by the University of Bristol and contains ten universities, think tanks and EU agencies from across Europe. Researchers at Maastricht University focus on the EU civilian capabilities needed to respond to crises in comparison to other international organisations such as the UN and OSCE. They also analyse interactions between the EU, UN and OSCE in terms of civilian capabilities.

Website: https://eu-civcap.net

Beyond Sovereignty: Delegation and Agency in International Security (Marie Curie) (FP7) (2012-2014)

The United Nations (UN), North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and European Union (EU) currently have a record number of 250,000 troops deployed – up from 11,000 in 1989 and 90,000 in 2002. From Afghanistan to Congo, Haiti and Kosovo, these soldiers monitor inter-state agreements, provide stability and even fight insurgency. They oftentimes perform their duties in difficult environments. In their day-to-day operations, they are supported by a plethora of international secretariats in Brussels and New York employing thousands of civil servants. These secretariats play a vital role in the success or failure of military operations.

This project investigated why sovereign states delegate such important functions to international secretariats in international security. It also analysed under which conditions international secretariats exert influence in policy-making. The project was based at the University of Oxford and funded by the FP7 Marie Curie IEF Programme of the European Union.